WestLaw (later Thomson Reuters), Reed Elsevier (owner of LexisNexis), Wolters Kluwer, Bloomberg/BNA, ALM (f/k/a American Lawyer Media) and many others.

In addition to fulltime writers and editors, such publishers considered niche focused contributions from practicing lawyers and academics.

Such contributors did not own their content, the publisher to which the submission was made would own the content – and the content would be available to the contributor by subscription or a pay as a you go for a right to reuse the contribution.

No one really worried that a lot of niches were not covered by the large publishers.

This has all changed with the “direct to consumers economy.”

The New York Times’ Ben Smith reports Monday:

The astonishing rise of subscription digital media is part of a broader rush toward the reliable, direct-to-consumer economics that has captivated investors. You can now subscribe to huge hits like Disney+ and Peloton as well as niche ventures like high-end dog food and beans.

Mark Zuckerberg called it the “creator economy,” on Monday, with the result being a shift of power from traditional institutions to individuals – and that this trend is a positive trend for the world.

Call it a direct-to-consumers economy or a creator economy. Doesn’t matter.